AUTHORSHIP
An author is an individual who has significantly contributed to the development of a manuscript.
NJLLCS recommends that authorship be based on the following four criteria:
1. Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or
interpretation of data for the work; AND
2. Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; AND
3. Final approval of the version to be published; AND
4. Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to
the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

SUBMISSION OF MANUSCRIPT
Authors should read the “Instruction for Authors” on the journal’s page before making a submission.
Manuscript should be prepared according to the style and specifications of the journal’s policy. All
authors should approve the final version of the manuscript prior to submission. Once a manuscript is
submitted, it is therefore assumed that all authors have read and given their approval for the
submission of the manuscript. Contact information of all authors should be stated on the manuscript.
Surname/Other names, affiliation, emails, and phone/fax numbers.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Reviewers should disclose any conflict of interest and if necessary, decline the review of any
manuscript they perceive to have a conflict of interest with Board Members, or the Editor should also
decline from considering any manuscript that may conflict with their interest. Such manuscripts will
be re-assigned to other editors. Authors should disclose all financial/relevant interest that may have
influenced the development of the manuscript.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Individuals who participated in the development of a manuscript but do not qualify as an author
should be acknowledged. Organizations that provided support in terms of funding and/or other
resources should also be acknowledged.

CONFIDENTIALITY
A submitted manuscript is a confidential material. NJLLCS will not disclose submitted manuscript to
anyone except individuals who partake in the processing and preparation of the manuscript for
publication (if accepted). These individuals include editorial staff, corresponding authors, potential
reviewers, actual reviewers, and editors. However, in suspected cases of misconduct, a manuscript
may be revealed to members of the Internal Board and institutions/organizations that may require it
for the resolution of the misconduct.

MISCONDUCT
Misconduct constitutes violation of this editorial policy and publication ethics, or any applicable
guidelines/policies specified by Namibia University of Science and Technology . Any other activities
that threaten/compromise the integrity of the research/publication process are potential
misconducts.

CORRECTION AND RETRACTION OF ARTICLES
Corrections may be made to a published article with the authorization of the editor of the journal.
Editors will decide the magnitude of the corrections. Minor corrections are made directly to the
original article. However, in cases of major corrections, the original article will remain unchanged,
while the corrected version will also be published. Both the original and corrected version will be
linked to each other. A statement indicating the reason for the major change to the article will also be
published.

PROTECTING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Protecting intellectual property is a primary responsibility of the reviewer and the editor. Reviewers,
therefore, will not use ideas from or show another person the manuscript they have been asked to
review without the explicit permission of the manuscript's author, obtained through the journal
editor. Advice regarding specific, limited aspects of the manuscript may be sought from colleagues
with specific expertise, provided the author’s identity and intellectual property remain secure.

RESUBMISSIONS
Manuscripts that have been rejected are not eligible for further consideration by the same journal and
thus should not be resubmitted. If a revision is allowed, it will be explicitly stated in the Editor’s
decision. Other revisions of previously rejected manuscripts will be promptly returned to the authors
without review.

PLAGIARISM
As defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary, to plagiarize is “to steal and pass off (the ideas or
words of another) as one’s own,” “use (another’s production) without crediting the source,” or to
“present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source”
(http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plagiarize Accessed June 9, 2015). NJLLCS considers
other forms of plagiarism to include “self-plagiarism”—instances in which an author borrows from his
or her own previously published work without the proper citation. It is also unacceptable to submit
manuscripts to NAWA that have previously been published anywhere in any language. It is the authors’
responsibility to inform or notify the Editor upon submission if there is any doubt whether a
manuscript may violate any of these terms.

CONCURRENT REVIEWS
NJLLCS policy prohibits an article under review at NJLLCS journal from being concurrently reviewed at
another journal without prior discussion with and written permission from the involved NJLLCS journal
editor.

FALSIFICATION OF DATA/MISREPORTING OF DATA
NJLLCS expects all submissions to include data that are honestly and accurately reported according to
the accepted best practices of scholarly publishing. In any instance of suspected misconduct, the
NJLLCS Editorial Board pledges to carry out the process of detection, investigation, and penalty with
fairness and confidentiality during the internal inquiry.

PENALTY
In the event that an author (or authors) is found to have engaged in some form of misconduct, he/she
will be subject to a penalty, the nature and extent of which will be determined by the Dean of the
Faculty of Human Sciences and Research and with the advice and counsel of the Internal Board
Members. The penalty will be commensurate with the nature of the offense and will likely include a
ban on submitting articles to the NJLLCS Journal for a period of time. All sitting Editors of NJLLCS journal
will be informed of the penalty. The Board is empowered to customize penalties for each individual
author in instances in which multiple authors are involved. In extreme circumstances, the Board
reserves the right to inform an author’s institution, depending on the seriousness of the offense.

CORRECTIONS AND RETRACTION POLICY
NJLLCS believes that knowledge dissemination among academic community demands transparency in
publishing process. Published articles known as “Version of Record “considered as complete, accurate
to the best of its possibility, complete and citable. LLR describes this “Version of Record” as the article
paginated in a volume and issue or the initial article publication for open access journals (Open Access
journals do not publish any additional versions such as paginated issue/volume versions).

STEPS PRIOR TO THE VERSION OF RECORD
Published articles (online) can be easily cited, download and read, any subsequent modifications can
potentially impact those who cite/ read the earlier version. NJLLCS equipped authors to ensure the
accuracy of their content in the form of “Galley Version” prior to be published online. The main
objective of sharing Galley Version with the author is to confirm the veracity of content so that we could upload error free files on our website and then proceed with the publication process (hard copy).
Exception involved when the article is published online but the issue is not published yet, then at the
time of printing limited corrections can be made at the discretion of journal editor.
Published articles in a journal is assumed as the version of record and cannot be altered except where
legally required. In case of an error, we will notify an erratum or corrigendum notice to all readers to
the problem.

RETRACTION POLICY
Authors who discover errors in articles they have published should have the corresponding author
contact the journal’s editorial office with a detailed description of the correction that is needed.
Corrigenda (corrections of author’s errors) and errata (corrections of publisher’s errors) will be
published at no charge to the authors. Requests for corrections that affect the interpretation or
conclusions of a published article will be reviewed by the editors. An article may be retracted when
the integrity of the published work is substantially undermined owing to errors in the conduct, analysis
and/or reporting of the study. Violation of publication or research ethics may also result in a study’s
retraction. The original article is marked as retracted, but a PDF version remains available to readers,
and the retraction statement is bi-directionally linked to the original published paper. Retraction
statements will typically include a statement of assent or dissent from the authors.
In exceptional circumstances, the editorial office reserves the right to remove an article from the
journal’s online platforms. Such action may be taken when (i) the editorial office has been advised
that content is defamatory, infringes a third party’s intellectual property right, right to privacy, or
other legal right, or is otherwise unlawful; (ii) a court or government order has been issued, or is likely
to be issued, requiring removal of such content; (iii) content, if acted upon, would pose an immediate
and serious risk to health. Removal may be temporary or permanent. Bibliographic metadata (e.g. title
and authors) will be retained and will be accompanied by a statement explaining why the content has
been removed.